{"id":3067,"date":"2017-01-05T06:30:42","date_gmt":"2017-01-05T06:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2012\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T06:41:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T06:41:34","slug":"condition-of-hindu-women-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Condition of Hindu Women in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"zKtXAvh\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"1227\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10032 \" src=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png 602w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d-147x300.png 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Image Source: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/many-women-have-no-say-in-marriage\/article5801893.ece\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">TheHindu.Com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">By Sulaiman Razvi<br \/>\n<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women have long been suppressed within the patriarchal structure of Indian society. Hinduism has played a central role in shaping and legitimizing many practices that disadvantaged women, and several oppressive customs emerged within this religious framework. According to a survey by Thomson Reuters, <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/06\/25\/health\/india-dangerous-country-women-survey-intl\/index.html\">India was ranked as the most dangerous country in the world for women<\/a>. Instant desertion of wives is reportedly higher among Hindus, which contributes to a lower formal divorce rate, as separation often results in abandonment rather than legal divorce. Marital rape is not fully criminalized in India, and under the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, mothers have historically not enjoyed equal guardianship rights.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hindu women have been subjected to numerous oppressive practices such as Sati Pratha, the imposition of taxes on lower caste women for covering their breasts, and the Devadasi system. Although many of these practices have been outlawed by the government, some continue in certain regions despite legal prohibition. Apologists of Indian culture often dismiss these issues. When confronted with Sati, they argue that it was an ancient practice banned long ago and therefore not worth discussing. Yet there is little willingness to engage with ongoing practices such as the Devadasi system, Maitri Karar, Nata Pratha, and restrictions on women\u2019s entry into temples.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Female_Foeticide\" >Female Foeticide<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Maitri_Karar\" >Maitri Karar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Polygamy\" >Polygamy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Polyandry\" >Polyandry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Nata_Pratha_Wife_Selling\" >Nata Pratha (Wife Selling)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Atta_Satta_Bride_Exchange\" >Atta Satta (Bride Exchange)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Dowry\" >Dowry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Child_marriage\" >Child marriage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Suicide_Highest_among_Women_in_India\" >Suicide Highest among Women in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Honour_Killing\" >Honour Killing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Sati_Pratha\" >Sati Pratha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Niyog_Pratha\" >Niyog Pratha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Devdasi\" >Devdasi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Women_in_Temple\" >Women in Temple<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Wife_Desertion\" >Wife Desertion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Widows\" >Widows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Prostitution\" >Prostitution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Bride_Selling\" >Bride Selling<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Hindu_Husbands_Killing_Wives_over_Petty_Issues\" >Hindu Husbands Killing Wives over Petty Issues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Others\" >Others<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Accusation_of_being_Witches\" >Accusation of being Witches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Atrocities_against_Dalit_Women\" >Atrocities against Dalit Women<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Manglik\" >Manglik<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#The_Humiliating_%E2%80%98Virginity_Tests_for_Brides_a_reality_in_Indias_Kanjarbhat_community\" >The Humiliating \u2018Virginity Tests\u2019 for Brides, a reality in India\u2019s Kanjarbhat community<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Women_In_This_Village_Are_Forced_To_Drink_Water_From_Shoes_To_Get_Rid_Of_Evil_Spirits\" >Women In This Village Are Forced To Drink Water From Shoes To Get Rid Of Evil Spirits<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Limited_Marital_Autonomy_and_Restricted_Mobility_of_Women_in_India\" >Limited Marital Autonomy and Restricted Mobility of Women in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Divorce_Over_Skype\" >Divorce Over Skype<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Naked_Girls_in_Madurai_Temple\" >Naked Girls in Madurai Temple<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Ritualistic_%E2%80%9CPurification%E2%80%9D_of_Sexual_Assault_Survivors\" >Ritualistic &#8220;Purification&#8221; of Sexual Assault Survivors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#Forced_Confinement_and_Religious_%E2%80%9CCounseling%E2%80%9D\" >Forced Confinement and Religious &#8220;Counseling&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Female_Foeticide\"><\/span><a id=\"female-foeticide\"><\/a><strong>Female Foeticide<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">To begin with, let us examine the rates of female infanticide. Female infanticide is highest among Hindus in India, yet it is rarely acknowledged as a Hindu problem and is instead framed broadly as a social issue or merely a problem within Indian society.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; Result of India\u2019s Son Preference: 21 Million \u2018Unwanted\u2019 Girls, 63 Million \u2018Missing\u2019 Women, Says Economic Survey<br \/>\n(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.news18.com\/news\/india\/condition-of-women-improving-but-india-doesnt-want-many-of-them-to-be-born-notes-economic-survey-1644939.html\">News18<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; Among Hindus, who make up nearly 80% of India\u2019s population, the child sex ratio declined from 925 in 2001 to 913 in the latest Census data. This is the biggest decline \u2014 of 12 points \u2014 among all religious communities and a chilling reminder for the continuing need for much more robust action to save the girl child.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Sex-ratio-dips-Jains-Sikhs-buck-trend\/articleshow\/50387641.cms?utm_source=facebook.com&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=TOI&amp;from=mdr\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; Among other communities, there were 958 Christian girls against 1,000 boys, 913 Hindu girls against 1,000 boys, 943 Muslim girls against 1,000 boys and 933 Buddhist girls against 1,000 boys.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As per 2001 census, the child sex ratio among Hindu was 925 girls against 1,000 boys, Muslims 950 girls, Christians 964 girls, Sikhs 786 girls, Buddhists 942 girls and Jains 870 girls against 1,000 boys.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dnaindia.com\/india\/report-census-2011-sikhs-jains-have-the-worst-sex-ratio-2161061\">DNAIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; Decades of sex determination tests followed by female foeticide have finally caught up with Punjab and Haryana,\u201d said a sociologist in the shared state capital Chandigarh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The situation will worsen as sex ratios dip further over the next decade, she added. In Fatehgarh Sahib district, 200 miles north of Delhi, for instance, the present male-female ratio is among India\u2019s lowest \u2013 754 girls for 1,000 boys. Some villages in the region dominated by Jat Sikh farmers have only 550-600 girls per 1000 males and the disparity is growing. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/education\/3308893\/Indias-craving-for-boy-babies-leads-to-bride-shortage.html\">Telegraph<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; India looses millions of unborn female baby every year,<br \/>\n(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/india\/9054429\/India-most-dangerous-place-in-world-to-be-born-a-girl.html\">Telegraph<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; 10 million foetuses aborted in India (Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2006\/jan\/09\/india.sarahboseley\">TheGuardian<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-loses-3-million-girls-in-infanticide\/article3981575.ece\">TheHindu<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/zeenews.india.com\/exclusive\/female-foeticide-death-before-birth_3547.html\">ZeeNews<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; In 1991 and 2001, Muslims and Hindus had virtually similar female-male ratios, with the former consistently at a slight advantage. Sikhs trailed far behind. But in 2011 Muslims have shown a marked improvement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In a decade, their female-male ratio has leaped from 936 to 951 women for every 1000 Muslim men. But in the same period, the Hindu ratio only rose from 931 to 939. The gender gap between the two communities has widened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The government has yet to release the latest religion-specific child sex ratios. In 2001, it was 950 for Muslims, which is considered to be more or less \u2018normal\u2019. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\">But it was significantly lower for Hindus due to entrenched gender discrimination, especially blatant sex selective abortion<\/span>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">So, in all likelihood in this round too, Muslim child sex ratios are expected to be better than Hindus. Perhaps significantly better, despite setbacks in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-13385727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jammu and Kashmir<\/a>. But the number of \u201cmissing women\u201d among Hindus is likely to be alarming.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rich states like Haryana and Punjab fare the worst in child sex ratios, especially due to sex-selective abortions. But, across the border in Pakistan\u2019s Punjab province despite lower female literacy, more girls are born and survive childhood. Religion is an important difference across the two sides of the Punjab border.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Across the majority of Indian states, too, Muslims have overall higher female-male ratios despite lower socio-economic development and literacy. One argument is that in larger Muslim families perhaps there is lesser pressure for sex selection.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Around 7 million girls in India go missing every decade due to skewed sex-ratio<br \/>\n(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.deccanchronicle.com\/videos\/around-7-million-girls-in-india-go-missing-every-decade-due-to-skewed-sex-ratio.html\">DeccanChronicle<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maitri_Karar\"><\/span><a id=\"Maitri-karar\"><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Maitri Karar<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Maitri Karar allows married men in Gujarat to enter into \u201cfriendship deeds,\u201d enabling them to live with women other than their wives. In this arrangement, the woman is effectively treated as a mistress or concubine. What is even more shocking is that this practice has received legal backing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211; In Gujarat, there is a social tradition that is used to circumvent the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act by men so they can \u201chave another woman\u201d in their lives. Hindu Marriage Act only allows one wife. Polygamy is a punishable offense.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In Gujarat a system prevailed in which a man and a woman entered into a friendship agreement, a legitimate contract before a magistrate. It had a social and legal sanction and was popularly known as \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">maitri<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">karar<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201d. Later this practice was converted into a \u201cservice agreement\u201d, according to which the man would keep the woman of his choice in his house as a helper or a maid servant. Not surprisingly, this contract, too, had a legal and social <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">legitimacy. It is well known that this practice was followed by many Ministers and senior bureaucrats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As per some figures 29,951 cases of \u2018<strong>Maitri Karar<\/strong>\u2018 (Friendship Contract) are registered in the District Collectors office in Ahmedabad.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2013\/01\/maitri-karar-gujarati-social-custom-of-keeping-mistresses-by-circumventing-hindu-marriage-act\/\">Source<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211;<strong> No cumbersome divorce proceedings, people of Ahmedabad opt for Maitri Karar Contract:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Examples of similar liaisons abound throughout Ahmedabad. Rather than initiate or wait for cumbersome divorce proceedings to be decided, people of Ahmedabad are opting for a contract known as\u00a0maitri karar\u00a0(friendship contract). The document is in fact little more than a promise of friendship and companionship between a man and a woman at least one of whom is already married. In addition, a\u00a0maitri karar\u00a0invariably includes an undertaking by the man that he will look after and financially support his partner. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/no-cumbersome-divorce-proceedings-people-of-ahmedabad-opt-for-maitri-karar-contract\/1\/402459.html\">IndiaToday<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>&#8211; College girl gets court nod for \u2018live-in\u2019 with married man<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ahmedabad, Thu Jun 28 2012<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A metropolitan court recently allowed a 20-year-old woman to unite with her live-in mate from the same tribe, releasing her from a women\u2019s protection home where she was kept against her wishes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Neha Patani, a resident of Saraspur and in her first year of college, had eloped with Sanjay Kumar Patani, an auto-rickshaw driver, three months ago. Sanjay was already married and has four children.<br \/>\nSanjay and Neha had signed a \u201clive-in contract\u201d (maitri karar) before they started living together.(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.indianexpress.com\/news\/college-girl-gets-court-nod-for--livein--with-married-man\/967694\/\">IndianExpress<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Friends and lovers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">When religion came in the way, a court opened a rarely used door. This is how a Gujarat love story found a Gujarat solution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">It was then that they began looking at legal options. He says he approached a lawyer friend, who consulted other legal experts, who advised them to opt for maitri karar as they could not legally marry. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/live-in-practice-gujarat-friends-and-lovers-maitri-karar-4443784\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndianExpress<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Women in the uniform civil code debate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The upper-caste Gujarati version of bigamy is called maitri karar, meaning friendship document. Saying that people in Ahmedabad were \u201copting for it\u201d, a 2013 report in India Today described it thus: \u201cThe document is in fact little more than a promise of friendship and companionship between a man and a woman at least one of whom is already married. In addition, a maitri karar invariably includes an undertaking by the man that he will look after and financially support his partner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cEach agreement is tailor-made to suit the particular needs of the individuals who make it, but there are a number of common features. Every agreement puts down in detail the backgrounds and marital status of the lovers, and both parties state that they know the other\u2019s antecedents and have opted for the relationship out of free will. Some karars are even specific about the amount the man will pay for the upkeep of his partner. Some agreements even succeed in reflecting the nature of the relationship between the signatories.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.livemint.com\/Leisure\/5vCwRzhgxBkhFIB8lxDNZP\/Women-in-the-uniform-civil-code-debate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Livemint<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Incident of Maitri Karar used on a rape survivor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThe Dafers who kidnapped me had got my thumb impression on a paper to claim marriage or \u2018maitri karar\u2019 through a notary. The notary has not been named in the complaint. A tantrik also performed some ritual pronouncing me a Dafer wife. I told the police about the tantrik but he too has not been named as an accused by the police,\u201d said the survivor. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ahmedabad\/Pregnant-rape-survivor-meets-Gujarat-CM\/articleshow\/47699041.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Regional practices of Maitri Karar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">It\u2019s not just Gujarat where Maitri Karar is practiced; the concept of a live-in relationship despite being married to another woman exists in many states.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Rajasthan: After 48 years, an Udaipur man marries his live-in partner<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Devadas Kalasua, son of Deetaram, though already married, had eloped with Magdu Bai from a neighbouring village and brought her to his home where he lived with his first wife Champa Bai and children. Later, Champa Bai shifted to Phalasiya to live with her sons, while Devadas continued to live with Magdu Bai at his ancestral home. However, both the wives were tolerant and were on talking terms. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/jaipur\/after-48-yrs-man-marries-live-in-partner\/articleshow\/63494952.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Madhya Pradesh: Lok Adalat orders Basant Mahulal to spend equal time with his wife and live-in partner<\/strong> (Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/lok-adalat-orders-man-to-spend-equal-time-with-wife-and-livein-partner\/article5411359.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/navbharattimes.indiatimes.com\/state\/madhya-pradesh\/other-cities\/lok-adalat-tells-man-to-spend-equal-time-with-wife-and-live-in-partner\/articleshow\/26701964.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NavbharatTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polygamy\"><\/span><strong>Polygamy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">While polygamy for Hindus is prohibited under the Hindu Marriage Act and is often portrayed as heinous, especially when used to criticize Muslims, the incidence of polygamy in India has at times been reported as higher among Hindus than among Muslims despite its illegality. As a result, some Hindu men resort to other means, such as converting to Islam to marry additional women, practicing Maitri Karar or Nata Pratha to have another woman in their lives, or engaging in bigamy without formally adopting these practices. Such relationships in India include contemporary polyandry in Punjab and Haryana, the Nata Pratha in Rajasthan, and Maitri Karar in Gujarat. Many of these practices, whether traditional or modern, involve forms of male bigamy. The following graphs show the incidence of polygamy among various religious communities in India. The first graph is taken from Scroll.in, and the second one has been prepared by me.<span style=\"width: 24pt; height: 24pt; display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"fmpAHXZ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10033 \" src=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef93728cb.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"585\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef93728cb.png 736w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef93728cb-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">For more information go through the article <a href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2018\/05\/05\/polygamy-in-hindu-dharma\/\">Polygamy in Hindu Dharma<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Polygamy data<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/669083\/muslim-women-and-the-surprising-facts-about-polygamy-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scroll.in<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/articleshow\/5004493.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Goa allows \u2018Limited Polygamy\u2019 for Hindu men<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Goa allows &#8220;limited polygamy&#8221; for Hindu men under specific conditions. Article 3 of the Family Laws of Goa states:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cHowever, the marriage contracted by a male Gentile Hindu by simultaneous polygamy shall not produce civil effects; except in the following cases only (1) Absolute absence of issues by the wife of the previous marriage until she attains the age of 25 years. (2) Absolute absence of male issue, the previous wife having completed 30 years of age, and being of lower age, ten years having elapsed from the last pregnancy; (3) Separation on any legal grounds when proceeding from the wife and there being no male issue, (4) Dissolution of the previous marriage as provided for in Article 5.\u201d \u2014 Source: Family Laws of Goa, Vol 1 by MS Usgaoncar. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/820030\/uniform-civil-code-the-goa-family-law-the-bjp-holds-up-as-ideal-permits-polygamy-for-hindus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scroll.in<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Indian men marry \u2018water wives\u2019 in drought-stricken villages to survive heatwaves and water shortages<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Indian men in drought-stricken villages are marrying multiple women to fetch drinking water for their households. Villagers in Denganmal, western India, rely on two wells for drinking water, but the sweltering walk and wait at the crowded spots can take hours. The answer? A \u201cwater wife,\u201d villagers told Reuters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Polygamy is outlawed in India, but \u201cwater wives\u201d have become the norm in Denganmal as India faces the threat of another drought this year. Sakharam Bhagat, 66, now has three wives, two of whom he married just to ensure his family had enough water to drink and cook with.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cI had to have someone to bring us water, and marrying again was the only option,\u201d Bhagat, who works as a day laborer on a nearby farm, told Reuters on Thursday. \u201cMy first wife was busy with the kids. When my second wife fell sick and was unable to fetch water, I married a third.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/indian-men-marry-water-wives-drought-stricken-villages-survive-heat-wave-water-1953660\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Legal tactics used to bypass polygamy prohibitions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Another tactic used by some Hindus to have more than one spouse involves exploiting legal loopholes, as the Hindu Marriage Act prohibits having more than one wife at a time. Some convert to Islam to facilitate multiple marriages. Others, after marrying a second time, argue that the first marriage was not solemnized because certain ceremonies required by Hindu law were not duly performed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">When a Hindu man marries a second wife, the first wife often lodges a criminal case against him for polygamy. In many cases, the court rejects the case based on minor legal technicalities, allowing the culprit to elude punishment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Maharashtra:<\/strong> Mr. Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande married a second wife. His first wife lodged a criminal case against him. Although the Sessions Court and High Court convicted him, the Supreme Court released him on appeal. It ruled that because he omitted certain ceremonies required by Hindu Marriage laws, the union could not be considered a legal marriage. Since it was not a legal marriage, he was not punished. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/80924\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndianKanoon<\/a> &#8211; <em>Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande vs. State of Maharashtra AIR 1965 SC 1566<\/em>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Priya Bala Ghosh Case:<\/strong> Mr. Suresh Chandra Ghosh married a second wife. His first wife, Priya Bala Ghosh, lodged a criminal case. The High Court refused to convict him on legal grounds, reasoning that since certain ceremonies were omitted, it was not a valid marriage. (<em>Priya Bala Ghosh vs. Suresh Chandra Ghosh AIR 1971 SC 1153<\/em>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Andhra Pradesh:<\/strong> Mr. L. Venkata Reddy married a second wife. His first wife, Mrs. Lingari Obulamma, lodged a criminal case. In this instance, the High Court also did not convict him, as the omission of specific Hindu marriage ceremonies meant the union was not legally recognized as a marriage. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/766841\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndianKanoon<\/a> &#8211; <em>Lingari Obulamma vs. L. Venkata Reddy and others AIR 1979 SC 848<\/em>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Kashmir:<\/strong> Mr. Bangari married a second wife. His first wife lodged a criminal case, but the court released him. It was ruled that because certain Hindu ceremonies were not performed, it could not be considered a marriage. His second wife was legally viewed only as a concubine, and since there is no law to punish someone for keeping a concubine, he was acquitted. (<em>Kanwal Ram and others vs. The State of Jammu &amp; Kashmir AIR 1966 SC 614 &#8211; Ref: AIR 1965 SC 105<\/em>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Additional Reading on Water Wives<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiatimes.com\/news\/india\/this-story-of-maharashtra-s-water-wives-is-as-heartbreaking-as-the-drought-itself-253278.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indiatimes<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/india-waterwives-widerimage-idUSL3N0YQ1ZL20150604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/16\/asia\/india-water-wives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNN<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polyandry\"><\/span><a id=\"Polyandry\"><\/a>Polyandry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Polyandry is not prevalent on a large scale, but several Hindu tribal communities in parts of India still practice it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The wife married to five brothers: Rajo, 21, follows a tradition in Indian villages that allows families to hold on to their farmland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rajo Verma, 21, lives in one room with the siblings in Northern India. The young wife spends each night with a different brother in turn. She does not know which of the siblings is the father of her young son. Fraternal polyandry is a tradition in the small village near Dehradun. The ancient Hindu tradition of polyandry was once widely practiced in India, but it is now only observed by a minority. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2295380\/The-wife-married-FIVE-brothers-Rajo-21-follows-tradition-Indian-villages-allows-families-hold-farmland.html#ixzz4UWLBkdkT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyMail<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Sharing a wife to save land<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">It may seem incongruous in the 21st century, but polyandry\u2014an ancient tribal custom in the remote Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh\u2014still thrives. The reasons are largely related to ancestral land holdings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">With four common offspring, they eke out their living mainly from the four bighas of land they inherited. \u201cHad we married separately, our family would have spread but the land would have shrunk. Having a common wife has saved us from penury,\u201d says Namgayal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The extreme form of fraternal polyandry, in which four to five siblings have a common wife, is now mainly confined to the remote interiors of the Pooh and Yangthang areas of upper Kinnaur; however, elsewhere the practice has evolved into a more practical equation of two brothers sharing a spouse. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/Share+wife+save+land\/1\/8313.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>One bride for two brothers: A custom fades in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Buddhi Devi was 14 when she was betrothed. In India, that is not unusual, as many marry young. Her intended was a boy from her village who was two years younger\u2014that, too, was not strange. But she was also supposed to marry her future husband\u2019s younger brother once he was old enough. Ms. Devi is a ghost of another time, one of a shrinking handful of people who still live in families here that follow the ancient practice of polyandry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>In this village in Rajasthan, wives are being \u2018shared\u2019 within families to save land<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2015\/09\/land-holding-caste-and-marriage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouthKiAwaaz<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The tradition of \u2018Draupadi\u2019 in the land of Shiva: Many husbands, one wife<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The layman identifies it with Draupadi, the heroine of Ved Vyas\u2019 Mahabharata, who was married to the five Pandava brothers. In Kinnaur, it is said that songs of bereavement and separation are sung by women only with the permission of the gods. That is because women here are not even given the time to mourn the death of a spouse. Times have changed, and with them many traditions, but polyandry continues to be practiced. Many families here have a single wife for four or five brothers. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/daily.bhaskar.com\/news\/CHD-the-tradition-of%E2%80%94-draupadi%E2%80%94-in-the-land-of-shiva-many-husbands-one-wife-4158795-PHO.html%3Fseq%3D3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyBhaskar<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Women forced to sleep with their husbands\u2019 brothers: A shortage of girls leads to wife-sharing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cSome families buy brides from other parts of the country, while others have one daughter-in-law living with many unwedded brothers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women from other regions, such as the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal, speak of how their poor families were paid sums as low as 15,000 rupees (\u00a3190) by middlemen and brought here to wed into a different culture, language, and way of life. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2054420\/Wife-sharing-brothers-haunts-Indian-villages-number-girls-decline.html#ixzz57B2njmLP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyMail<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nata_Pratha_Wife_Selling\"><\/span><a id=\"Nata-pratha\"><\/a><strong>Nata Pratha (Wife Selling)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2018Nata Pratha\u2019 is a traditional system in Rajasthan under which a married woman may leave her husband and go with another man in exchange for money paid by the second man to her husband or his family. Practiced in parts of Rajasthan, Nata Pratha effectively allows a man to sell his wife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The bride price: Men from backward communities in Rajasthan buy and sell their wives with impunity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/men-from-backward-communities-in-rajasthan-buy-sell-their-wives-with-impunity\/1\/253410.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Children are the most vulnerable to abuse due to \u2018Nata Pratha\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A report prepared by the NGO Vaghdhara, in association with Unicef, states that 2% of the 3.5 million tribal children in the 4\u201314 age group have been impacted by the \u2018Nata\u2019 practice. Historical accounts state that the practice of living with another person if a spouse is unhappy or if one of them dies has been prevalent for the last couple of centuries.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The person who undergoes Nata can live with another person of his or her choice without being married as many times as they want. The main findings are that the majority of mothers who entered a \u2018Nata\u2019 marriage either never tried or were not allowed to maintain contact with their children.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThirty-eight percent of abandoned children covered under the study are subjected to exploitation in terms of household chores or have been beaten. Around 13% of the children have to face humiliation in schools and society at large,\u201d said the report. It didn\u2019t stop there; 6% of them reportedly faced verbal and physical abuse. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/jaipur\/Kids-most-vulnerable-to-abuse-due-to-Nata-pratha\/articleshow\/56263686.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Tribal children bear the brunt of Nata Pratha in Rajasthan: Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Children face humiliation at school if their mother has gone to another man under the ancient practice called Nata Pratha, and most of them do not have friends to share their feelings with, a study by an NGO in south Rajasthan has found.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The study\u2014which was released at a state-level consultation on \u201censuring protecting rights of tribal children in Rajasthan\u201d\u2014said 13% of children face humiliation at schools because of Nata in their family, and 6% of them face verbal and physical abuse. Twenty-two percent of children reported that they see violence in families in daily life after a Nata relation, the study found. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/jaipur\/tribal-children-bear-brunt-of-nata-pratha-in-rajasthan-study\/story-zQXmyxD9ipF7BHTqpAe13L.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HindustanTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>To move in with a married woman, a ward panch marries a 6-year-old<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nata Pratha, a custom prevalent in parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, allows a man to have a live-in relationship with a married woman. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/india-others\/to-move-in-with-married-woman-ward-panch-marries-6-yr-old\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndianExpress<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">An ancient local custom, Nata Pratha dictates that any married man can have an affair with a married woman if he provides financial compensation; however, both lovers must be wed. Because Ratan Lal Jat was single, he married a six-year-old girl in order to comply with the age-old tradition. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/metro.co.uk\/2015\/06\/30\/shocking-pics-show-man-35-marrying-six-year-old-child-bride-5273528\/#ixzz4UWAQu0Mn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MetroUK<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>In the name of Nata Pratha (\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0938\u0941\u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940, \u0926\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u0932\u093e-\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c-\u091a\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0902\u091a, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0938-\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.patrika.com\/news\/work-life\/in-the-name-of-nata-pratha-1354232\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patrika<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Towards oblivion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">One day, the marriage agent takes Madanlal to Sita Bai\u2019s place, where he discreetly sees her, and the agent demands Rs. 80,000 to fix the Nata. When Madanlal complains of the steep price, the broker dismisses him, saying he can find others happy to pay. Grudgingly, Madanlal agrees. A third of this goes to the broker, and the rest to Sita Bai\u2019s parents. Sita Bai\u2019s son cannot stay with her because Madanlal wants a son of his own. In this chain of events, Sita Bai has had no role to play.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nata Pratha is a traditional practice whereby a man can refuse to stay in his present marriage and seek another woman by paying a specified monetary price\u2014essentially &#8220;buying&#8221; her. The sum may range from a few thousands to several lakhs. The Jati Panch, an exclusive domain of men, sanctions these relations and excludes women from decision-making. In recent times, it has become a lucrative business involving local brokers and even the police.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/2000\/06\/18\/stories\/13180619.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Scarred by an ancient Rajasthan custom, abandoned kids find hope in a government scheme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nata Pratha allows men to live with women they are not married to. Women who follow the regressive practice often leave their children behind with their marital families when they go off to another man. Bhanwari, an elderly woman, is raising seven children\u2014three left by a mother following Nata and four left after her daughter was killed in a domestic dispute. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/scarred-by-ancient-rajasthan-custom-abandoned-kids-find-hope-in-govt-scheme\/story-m7JkZhHMzTOWVbNAJfO6PP.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HindustanTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Nata Pratha: A tradition that allows men and women to live with the person of their choice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">This centuries-old custom is still alive in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. It is practiced by the Bhil tribe, one of the largest tribes in South Asia. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thecitizen.in\/index.php\/NewsDetail\/index\/9\/10641\/Nata-Pratha-a-Tradition-That-Allows-Men-and-Women-to-Live-With-Person-of-Their-Choice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheCitizen<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The agony of alliances<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A socially accepted custom forces women in rural Rajasthan into a string of marriages approved by their families or even husbands for the \u201cbride price\u201d they receive from the new groom. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/custom-in-rajasthan-forces-women-into-string-of-marriages-for-bride-price\/1\/181530.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Similar customs exist in Madhya Pradesh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Madhya Pradesh village has a custom of renting a wife for Rs 10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Here, women are leased to wealthy businessmen by their own husbands. All they have to do is sign on Rs 10 stamp papers. After the contract ends, another deal is signed with a different man. In 2006, a man in Gujarat reportedly sold his wife to a rich businessman for a monthly rental of Rs 8,000. In some places, brokers charge up to Rs 70,000 from rich men but give only a fraction (Rs 15,000\u201320,000) to the tribal families. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.india.com\/buzz\/madhya-pradeshs-village-has-a-custom-of-renting-a-wife-for-rs-10-3139554\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atta_Satta_Bride_Exchange\"><\/span><strong>Atta Satta (Bride Exchange)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>A child and divorced<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meera Mali, age 13 and a Class V student in the village of Dabla Kachra, is one of the 370,000 children in her state and 2 million across the country who were married before the age of 14\u2014too young to even remember the ceremony, if there was one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meera\u2019s life was inextricably linked with that of her elder sister, Leela. When Leela married Narain Lal Mali, Meera was given in marriage to his younger brother, Bansi Lal Mali. However, a few years later, when Leela refused to return to her in-laws and settled down with another man named Laduji, Meera had to bear the brunt of her sister\u2019s actions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Laduji paid Rs 70,000 as compensation to Narain and \u201cbought\u201d Leela. In the process, Meera became a \u201cleftover\u201d girl before she even understood what marriage was, as her in-laws refused to accept her in retaliation for her sister\u2019s actions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Aptly enough, this traditional system is called <strong>atta-satta<\/strong>, meaning exchange. As a result, if one marriage breaks, the other alliance is automatically cancelled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Maitra, from the village of Khera in Bhilwara, was married off in a similar fashion and for a similar purpose when she was only seven years old to 15-year-old Ram Pal. She was given in exchange for a bride for her aging uncle, Ram Saroop. For Saroop, this marriage was merely a ploy to end his unmarried status. He divorced his wife soon after the wedding, but in the process, Maitra was also divorced by Ram Pal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to Prayas, there are hundreds of instances of people like Gopal Mali who, after getting fed up with his wife\u2014bought for Rs 11,000 and one-and-a-half kg of silver\u2014left her to buy a divorcee he fancied for Rs 1 lakh. With rural societies blatantly accepting such norms, it is little wonder that children are being married while barely out of the cradle and getting divorced not much later. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/A+child+and+divorced\/1\/5461.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dowry\"><\/span><a id=\"Dowry\"><\/a><strong>Dowry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Dowry, known as Dahej in Hindi, has been practiced in Hindu society for centuries. It is given by the bride\u2019s parents and typically includes household items such as clothes, ornaments, electrical appliances, bedroom furniture, and other goods at the time of marriage. Ironically, like many other practices, dowry is not widely acknowledged as a Hindu problem but is instead framed as a broader social issue in Indian society. Although it may exist among other religious communities in India, often due to cultural influence, it is predominantly practiced among Hindus. Let us now examine the survey.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Data on dowry deaths in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cIn an informal study of dowry deaths which reached the Supreme Court and the Bombay High Court, conducted by Majlis, Mumbai, over 95 per cent of these cases of dowry death were among Hindus.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/what-has-hindu-law-ever-done-for-women\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BoomLive<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Socio-demographic profile of dowry death victims<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In the studied cases of alleged dowry deaths, Hindu women comprised an overwhelmingly large majority of victims. In one dataset, Hindu females accounted for approximately 87 percent of dowry death victims, while deaths among Muslims and Christians were comparatively much lower. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/318903157_Socio-Demographic_Profile_of_Dowry_Death_Victims_in_a_Tertiary_Care_Unit_A_Medico_Legal_Analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ResearchGate<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Uniform Civil Code debate and community-specific data<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThe problem of dowry-related violence and dowry deaths: There is no research conducted as to how many women who are murdered for dowry are Hindus. A research done by our organisation about cases which have reached the Supreme Court and the Bombay High Court revealed that more than 90 percent were Hindus. Less than 10 percent were Muslims and others.\u201d (Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/uniform-civil-code-debate-focuses-on-muslim-law-but-ignores-other-communities-flavia-agnes-3060730.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firstpost<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/821811\/creating-a-paper-tiger-of-a-uniform-civil-code-will-not-be-of-any-use-flavia-agnes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scroll.in<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Historical context and the rise of &#8220;kitchen accidents&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAll over India, where Hindu wives traditionally burned on their husbands\u2019 funeral pyres, brides in recent years have been dying in their husband\u2019s homes in fires that were called \u201daccidents\u201d until women\u2019s organizations began to demand an official accounting.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cWomen\u2019s organizations point to the seriousness of the situation. One, the Ahmedabad Women\u2019s Action Group, in Gujarat state, says that research shows that 1,000 women may be burned alive annually in that state alone. Gujarat is the birthplace of Mohandas K. Gandhi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAsked recently in Parliament to quantify this phenomenon, which began to draw attention about a decade ago when the number of deaths in fires reported as \u201dkitchen accidents\u201d started rising in northern India, India\u2019s Home Affairs Minister, Palaniappan Chidambaram, said that registered cases of dowry deaths nationwide numbered 999 in 1985, 1,319 in 1986 and 1,786 in 1987. Women\u2019s groups say that total will be surpassed easily this year\u2014and that in a country of 800 million people, most of whom do not report domestic violence, the real numbers are far higher.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/01\/15\/world\/india-studying-accidental-deaths-of-hindu-wives.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NYTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Reports on the rising frequency of dowry deaths<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Rising number of dowry deaths in India: NCRB<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/rising-number-of-dowry-deaths-in-india-ncrb\/article4995677.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Dowry deaths: One woman dies every hour<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Dowry-deaths-One-woman-dies-every-hour\/articleshow\/22201659.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Child_marriage\"><\/span><a id=\"child-marriage\"><\/a><strong>Child marriage<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>84% Of 12 Million Married Children Under 10 Are Hindus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"gWHHigz\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"510\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10034 \" src=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efbe29395.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efbe29395.png 780w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efbe29395-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efbe29395-768x502.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>(Graph Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiaspend.com\/cover-story\/84-of-12-million-married-children-under-10-are-hindus-82446\">IndiaSpend<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>84 percent of 12 million married children under 10 are Hindus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nearly 12 million Indian children were married before the age of 10 years \u2013 84 per cent of them Hindu and 11 percent Muslim \u2013 reveals an IndiaSpend analysis of recently released census data. The data further reveals that 72 per cent of all Hindu girls married before 10 were in rural areas\u2026 (Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/nation\/2016\/jun\/01\/84-percent-of-12-million-married-children-under-10-are-Hindus-935507.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NewIndianExpress<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/809148\/in-india-most-of-the-12-million-married-children-under-10-are-hindu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scroll.in<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>71% of those married in Uttar Pradesh are minor girls<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Two million girls in Uttar Pradesh (UP) are married in the age group of 10-19 years, forming 71% of the total married people in this age group in the state. UP also has the highest number of children born to children, which stands at one million. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/lucknow\/71-of-those-married-in-up-are-minor-girls\/articleshow\/56695717.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>High rates of sexual assault on children in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In addition to child marriage, India also has a high rate of sexual assault on children.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to the National Crime Records Bureau, a total of 12,363 cases of child rape were reported in the country during 2013, as compared to 8,541 in 2012, accounting for an increase of 44.7%. The maximum number of child rape cases was reported in Madhya Pradesh (2,112 cases), followed by Maharashtra (1,546 cases) and Uttar Pradesh (1,381 cases). These three states together accounted for 40.8% of the total child rape cases reported in the country. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Online-database-to-name-and-shame-pedophiles\/articleshow\/46869620.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Two temple priests detained over child marriage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Two temple priests, who allegedly arranged the marriage of their minor son and daughter, were detained by the Hayathnagar police of Rachakonda on Friday.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hayathnagar police said that Ramesh Kumar Sharma, working as a priest in a temple at Vemulawada, had agreed to give his daughter\u2019s hand in marriage to the son of Anjaneya Sharma, a priest in a temple at Banjara Hills, a few weeks ago. The girl and boy were in ninth and tenth standards respectively. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Hyderabad\/Two-priests-detained-over-child-marriage\/article17181691.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>33 percent of the world&#8217;s child brides are Indian<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">At 103 million, the number of child marriages in India is more than the total population of the Philippines (100 million) and Germany (80.68 million), according to the report. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/india-news\/33-per-cent-of-child-brides-in-the-world-are-indian-report-1727800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDTV<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>6.3% of girls between 15\u201319 years are pregnant or mothers in Rajasthan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to the 2011 Census, 31.6 per cent of girls in Rajasthan were married before the age of 18. A more recent survey by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16 pointed to an even higher number, with 35.4 percent of girls aged between 20 and 24 years getting married before attaining the legal age.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rajasthan, which has the highest number of child marriage cases in the country, reported at least 366 divorcees between 10 and 14 years. The report also points out that there are 3,506 \u2018widowed\u2019 and 2,855 \u2018separated\u2019 children within the same age group. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/jaipur\/6-3-girls-between-15-19-years-pregnant-or-mothers-in-rajasthan\/articleshow\/61046400.cms?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>BJP Government stance on IPC section regarding marital sex with minors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Union government wanted to retain the Indian Penal Code (IPC) section that allowed a man to have sex with his wife aged between 15 and 18. Marriage of minors is an old custom in India practiced by all social groups, the Home Ministry told the Women and Child Development Ministry. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/centre-wanted-ipc-section-375-to-stay\/article19840764.ece?homepage=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Suicide_Highest_among_Women_in_India\"><\/span><a id=\"suicide\"><\/a><strong>Suicide Highest among Women in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Analysis of suicide rates among women in India<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cLast year a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lancet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> study estimated there were 187,000 suicides in India among over 15s in 2010, or three percent of all deaths recorded that year. It represented a more than 50,000 increase on official <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ncrb.gov.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">National Crime Records Bureau<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> figures, attributed to under-reporting of cause of death possibly due to social concerns over what remains a taboo subject. Compare this with the 5,608 suicides that occurred in over 15s in the UK in 2010. India\u2019s population is nearly 20 times that of the UK\u2019s, meaning equivalent figures would set Indian suicides at about 112,000 \u2014 75,000 less than the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lancet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> article\u2019s estimates.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAccording to the study, 40 percent of those suicides among men and 56 percent among women occurred between the ages of 15 and 29, and rates were higher among well-educated young people in wealthier areas, suggesting economic strife is not the overriding cause behind the increase. This may instead correlate to social pressures surrounding issues of marriage at that time in life.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThe escalating issue of sexual discrimination and the consequent violence towards women may also be a contributory factor. In response, the country\u2019s parliament has just passed a new law to offer more protection for women and harsher penalties for their attackers. A sign of the kind of social taboo surrounding the issue was made clear with an inclusion in the law to make it a crime for police to refuse to open a case based on complaints by <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">women about sexual attacks. \u2018The main social determinants for suicide in women are interpersonal violence (for example, marital violence) and economic difficulties,\u2019 Vikram Patel, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Wellcome<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Trust Senior Research Fellow in Clinical Science and coauthor on the Lancet study, told Wired.co.uk.\u201d (Source: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/suicide-women-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">WiredUK<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Honour_Killing\"><\/span><a id=\"Honour-killing\"><\/a><strong>Honour Killing<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Honour killings in India are reported to be highest among Hindus. The primary trigger is often inter caste marriage, and such opposition is rooted in traditional norms that have been justified through certain interpretations of Hindu scriptures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Caste pride, purity of women, and honour killings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cWhile up north, khap panchayats (kangaroo courts) held by dominant communities brazenly rule against inter-caste love marriages, in Tamil Nadu many cases of honour killings go unreported as the deaths are often passed off as suicides. The recent death of a 17-year-old caste Hindu girl, whose parents opposed her love affair with a Scheduled Caste youth in Ramanathapuram district indicates the serious proportions assumed by this under-reported social reality.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cMr. Sampath claimed that in the last three years the State had witnessed 98 honour killings, but most of these cases were \u201ccovered up\u201d as suicides. Even if inter-caste marriages had the blessings of parents of the bride and groom, humiliations, social boycott and ostracisation force them either to break the marriage or encourage them to eliminate the newly married in the name of honour killing,\u201d he contends. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/tamil-nadu\/caste-pride-purity-of-women-and-honour-killings\/article7915427.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Additional reading on honour killings in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>India&#8217;s Honor Killings: One Couple&#8217;s Story (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1991195,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TIME<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>More than 1,000 honour killings in India every year: Experts (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/More-than-1000-honour-killings-in-India-every-year-Experts\/articleshow\/6127338.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>India&#8217;s list of shame: Bhavna Yadav, Nitish Katara and other honour killing victims (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/indias-list-of-shame-bhavna-yadav-nitish-katara-and-other-honour-killing-victims-1812129.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firstpost<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>81 honour killings in state since 2013, says NGO (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Madurai\/88-honour-killings-in-state-since-2013-says-ngo\/article8605465.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Honour killings resulting from inter-caste marriages<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Woman\u2019s marriage with Dalit leads to honour killing (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Madurai\/womans-marriage-with-dalit-leads-to-honour-killing\/article6149006.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Brothers kill girl for loving Dalit man (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/states\/tamil_nadu\/Brothers-kill-girl-for-loving-dalit-man\/2013\/09\/14\/article1783880.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NewIndianExpress<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>TN Dalit boy found dead in alleged honour killing (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rediff.com\/news\/report\/tn-dalit-boy-found-dead-in-alleged-honour-killing\/20130704.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rediff<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Dalit woman killed and set ablaze by in-laws over caste differences in Pilibhit (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dnaindia.com\/india\/report-dalit-woman-killed-and-set-ablaze-by-in-laws-over-caste-differences-in-pilibhit-1994892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNAIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Dalit man hacked to death in full public view in Tamil Nadu after he married upper-caste girl (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/dalit-man-hacked-to-death-in-full-public-view-in-tamil-nadu-after-he-married-upper-caste-girl-2673280.html%3F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firstpost<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Dalit boy attacked after row over love affair (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/vijayawada\/Dalit-boy-attacked-after-row-over-love-affair\/articleshow\/53184042.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sati_Pratha\"><\/span><a id=\"Sati-pratha\"><\/a><strong>Sati Pratha<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sati Pratha refers to the immolation of a widow on her husband\u2019s funeral pyre. Although it has been banned by the government and is not practiced as a mainstream custom among Hindus today, there have been isolated incidents of Sati reported in recent times.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Recent reports of Sati attempts and incidents<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>16\/7\/24:<\/strong> Gulabi Gupta went missing after her husband\u2019s cremation in Raigarh, with her family fearing she may have entered his funeral pyre.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"Gulabi%20Gupta%20went%20missing%20after%20her%20husband\u2019s%20cremation%20in%20Raigarh,%20with%20her%20family%20fearing%20she%20may%20have%20entered%20his%20funeral\">NDTV<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>20\/5\/23:<\/strong> Sangita Lakhra, a native of Bhilwadi, Rajasthan, committed suicide by jumping into the Sabarmati, allegedly under duress after her in-laws repeatedly pressured her to become a <em>sati<\/em>.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>16\/1\/19:<\/strong> In Shahbazpur, UP, kin and locals stopped a woman from performing \u2018Sati\u2019.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>21\/11\/18:<\/strong> On her way to perform &#8216;sati&#8217;, a woman named Laungshree Devi, a resident of Angautha village, was dragged from the pyre.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DeccanHerald<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Documented cases of Sati in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>1 April 2015: Maharashtra \u2013 Woman\u2019s body found in husband\u2019s pyre (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dnaindia.com\/india\/report-maharashtra-woman-s-body-found-from-husband-s-pyre-2073728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNAIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Dec 15 2014: In Bihar, 65-year-old woman jumps into husband\u2019s funeral pyre (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/bihar-65-year-old-woman-jumps-husbands-funeral-pyre-1849693.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firstpost<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>9 Sep 2009: Indian women still commit ritual suicides (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/india-ritual-suicide-sati\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RT<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>14 October 2008: Relatives arrested after widow burns to death on funeral pyre (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/oct\/14\/india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheGuardian<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>22 September 2006: Brothers arrested for throwing 95-year-old mother on funeral pyre (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-406471\/Brothers-arrested-throwing-95-year-old-mother-funeral-pyre.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyMail<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>22 August 2006: Indian wife dies on husband\u2019s pyre (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/south_asia\/5273336.stm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BBC<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Roop Kanwar case and the legal response<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cIn 1987, 18-year-old Roop Kanwar was immolated in Rajasthan in front of the whole village. Hers was the fortieth case in independent India, and the 28th in Rajasthan. In this case too it was glorified as the ultimate religious act of a married woman. Public pressure forced the government to enact the Rajasthan Sati Prevention Ordinance on October 1, 1987. Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje Scindia had maintained a stony silence on whether her government will appeal against the judgment. And it had to be filed before March 31. This would have meant going against her mother\u2019s professed views supporting sati. It would also have meant going against the Hindu revivalists in the BJP. Incidentally, VHP Vice-President Acharya Dharmendra was the master of ceremonies at the first death anniversary of Roop Kanwar.\u201d (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.tehelka.com\/story_main1.asp?filename=Ne040304bihar.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tehelka<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Niyog_Pratha\"><\/span><a id=\"Niyoga\"><\/a><strong>Niyog Pratha<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>For heir, Nikesh Giri forces wife to sleep with his father and a doctor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In a disturbing case from Ahmedabad, a man allegedly forced his wife to have sexual relations with his own father and a doctor in a desperate attempt to produce a male heir. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ahmedabad\/for-heir-man-forces-wife-to-sleep-with-his-father-doctor\/articleshow\/61537458.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Woman kills husband who forced her to sleep with her brother for a male child<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meena Devi allegedly killed her husband, Ram Vishal, after he pressured her to have sex with her own brother to conceive a male child. The incident highlights the extreme lengths to which some individuals go due to the obsession with male progeny. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/delhi-news\/delhi-woman-kills-husband-who-forced-her-to-sleep-with-her-brother\/story-HD54MbxgllCv0BWsunU1iI.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HindustanTimes<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/delhi\/woman-kills-husband-with-brothers-help\/articleshow\/57819103.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Impotent man forces wife to have sex with several friends<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">An impotent man who wanted his wife to conceive allegedly forced her to have sex with several of his friends repeatedly over a period of two years. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mid-day.com\/articles\/impotent-man-forced-wife-into-sex-with-his-friends\/15021047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mid-Day<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Impotent man Brijesh makes sickening demands from wife<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A man in Gujarat named Brijesh reportedly demanded that his wife have sex with his brother because he was impotent, leading to a cycle of torture when she refused. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.bhaskar.com\/news\/TOP-impotent-man-tortures-wife-5686434-PHO.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyBhaskar<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Forced conception through friends in Moradabad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Reports indicate a case where an impotent husband forced his wife to have sex with his friends in an attempt to conceive children, leading to allegations of gang rape. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patrika.com\/news\/moradabad\/gangrape-by-husband-s-friends-1360140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patrika<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Husband demands wife get impregnated by any man<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In another instance, an impotent husband reportedly demanded that his wife establish a relationship with any other man just so she could get impregnated and provide him with a child. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/m.dailyhunt.in\/news\/india\/hindi\/rochakkhabare-epaper-rochke\/napunsak+tha+pati+kaha+chahe+tum+kisi+se+bhi+bana+lo+sambandh+mujhe+baccha+chahie-newsid-76143173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyHunt<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Husband arrested for pressuring wife to sleep with others<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Police in Shahjahanpur arrested a man for allegedly pressuring his wife, Lalita, to sleep with other men. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aajkikhabar.com\/268855\/shahjahanpur-news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AajKiKhabar<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Uttar Pradesh: Man kills wife for refusing to have sex with a tantric<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In Agra, a man allegedly murdered his wife after she refused his demands to have sexual relations with a tantric (occultist). (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/agra\/man-kills-wife-for-refusing-to-have-sex-with-tantrik\/articleshow\/69791555.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Devdasi\"><\/span><strong>Devdasi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">One of the least discussed practices that is still prevalent and continues to devastate the lives of thousands of low caste Hindu women in India is the Devdasi system. Devdasi means \u201cservant of god.\u201d Traditionally, a Devdasi was dedicated to a temple and expected to perform ritual dances, but many were later forced into prostitution and subjected to sexual exploitation, often by dominant caste men. Although the Devdasi system has been banned by the government, temple based or so called sacred prostitution continues to persist in certain parts of India despite legal prohibitions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\n<strong>Devadasi system persists in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to a report by a one-man commission headed by Justice Raghunath Rao in 2015, there are 80,000 Devadasis in the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Devadasi-system-still-exists-in-Telangana-AP-says-report\/articleshow\/46337859.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The continued existence of the system despite legal bans<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Official figures cited in a recent book identify as many as 46,000 former Devadasis in Karnataka alone. These women reportedly receive a meager pension of only Rs 500 per month. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/thiruvananthapuram\/Devadasi-system-continues-to-exist-despite-ban-Book\/articleshow\/52487284.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Furthermore, a 2011 report by The Guardian estimates that the National Commission for Women (NCW) recognizes approximately 48,358 Devadasis currently in India. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2011\/jan\/21\/devadasi-india-sex-work-religion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheGuardian<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In a separate report, The Hindu quoted the NCW stating there are 2.5 lakh (250,000) &#8220;Devadasi&#8221; girls dedicated to the Yellamma and Khandoba temples along the Maharashtra-Karnataka border. This figure includes 16,624 from Andhra Pradesh, 22,941 from Karnataka, and 2,479 from Maharashtra. The system remains prevalent across 10 districts of North Karnataka and 14 districts in Andhra Pradesh. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-national\/tp-karnataka\/article3246913.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Manifestations of the caste system and &#8220;In the Name of God&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The caste system within the Hindu religion has many manifestations. It has not only divided society into various layers of a graded hierarchy but has also created inhuman practices in the name of God. One of these is the Devadasi system, which is prevalent in different forms across India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">This cult exists even today with regional variances. Young girls are dedicated or &#8220;married&#8221; to an idol, deity, or temple rather than a mortal man. The rituals involved reflect a stark barbarism; the initiation often includes a &#8220;deflowering ceremony&#8221; (known as <em>Uditambuvadu<\/em> in some regions), where a priest has intercourse with the girl as a religious &#8220;duty.&#8221; A Marathi saying captures this reality: <em>&#8220;Devadasi devachi bayako, sarya gavachi,&#8221;<\/em> meaning &#8220;Servant of God, but wife of the whole town.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Most Devadasis belong to the lowest castes. They must remain unmarried and often support themselves through ceremonial begging. After reaching puberty, they frequently become sexual servants to upper-caste men. Many eventually migrate to urban centers to join brothels as commercial sex workers. While states have enacted laws like the <strong>Bombay Devadasis Protection Act (1934)<\/strong> and the <strong>Karnataka Prohibition of Dedication Act (1982)<\/strong>, the practice lives on, particularly in the &#8220;Devadasi belt&#8221; bordering Maharashtra and Karnataka. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2012\/02\/in-the-name-of-god\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouthKiAwaaz<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Cycles of poverty and sex work<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As recently as 2013, estimates put the total number of Devadasis at 450,000, with the majority located in Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/indias-devadasis-trapped-in-cycle-of-poverty-and-sex-work_us_58f60cfae4b0b9e9848e5816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HuffingtonPost<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>How the caste system facilitates exploitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In Karnataka alone, there are an estimated 100,000 Devadasis. When priests or upper-caste men sleep with them, they often claim they are appeasing the desires of a goddess. Approximately 5,000 to 10,000 girls enter this life of sexual subjugation every year. Data suggests that 90 percent of the daughters of sex workers in India eventually follow their mothers into the same profession, creating a generational cycle of exploitation. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2015\/06\/caste-and-prostitution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouthKiAwaaz<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) on temple abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The NHRC has characterized the ritual worship of virtually naked girls in certain South Indian temples as a form of abuse and slavery. These girls are forbidden from marrying and are forced to earn a living by dancing at Hindu temples. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deccanchronicle.com\/nation\/current-affairs\/270917\/worship-of-virtually-naked-girls-in-south-indian-temples-abuse-slavery-nhrc.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DeccanChronicle<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Further reporting on the Devadasi ritual<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Devadasi: An exploitative ritual that refuses to die<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/devadasi-an-exploitative-ritual-that-refuses-to-die\/article19821606.ece?homepage=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Devadasi practice reported in Raichur village<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/karnataka\/Devadasi-practice-reported-in-Raichur-village\/article15094696.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheHindu<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Women_in_Temple\"><\/span><a id=\"women-temples\"><\/a><strong>Women in Temple<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Violence and physical assault against women and children in temples<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Women and children assaulted at Trimbakeshwar Temple, Nashik:<\/strong> Reports indicate that priests at the Trimbakeshwar Temple allegedly assaulted women and children for attempting to enter the inner sanctum. The incident occurred despite a Bombay High Court ruling affirming women&#8217;s fundamental right to enter all places of worship. (Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deccanchronicle.com\/nation\/current-affairs\/210416\/women-beaten-at-trimbakeshwar-temple.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DeccanChronicle<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N5njIYxLPhg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Dalit girl denied water; father attacked with trident:<\/strong> In Uttar Pradesh, a Dalit girl was reportedly denied access to drinking water at a temple. When her father protested this discrimination, he was allegedly attacked by the temple priest using a <em>trishul<\/em> (trident). (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jantakareporter.com\/india\/uttar-pradesh\/dalit-girl-denied-drinking-water\/55211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JantaKaReporter<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Activist Trupti Desai assaulted at Mahalaxmi Temple:<\/strong> Renowned women\u2019s rights activist Trupti Desai was reportedly beaten during her attempt to enter the inner sanctum of the Mahalaxmi temple. Following the assault, five temple priests were booked by the police. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/five-mahalaxmi-temple-priests-booked-for-assaulting-activist-trupti-desai-2732946.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firstpost<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Exclusionary practices based on menstruation and gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Sabarimala Temple and the &#8220;Menstruation Scanner&#8221; Proposal:<\/strong> The Sabarimala temple board drew significant criticism after an official stated that women would only be allowed entry once a scanning machine was developed to verify they were not menstruating. The temple traditionally bans women of &#8220;menstruating age&#8221; (10 to 50 years) from entering. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-3332227\/Hindu-temple-declares-allow-women-enter-scanning-machine-designed-check-going-menstruating.html#ixzz4UiTNEYlE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyMail<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Widespread restrictions in North and Northeast India:<\/strong> Systemic gender exclusion persists in several prominent religious sites, including the <strong>Ranakpur Temple<\/strong> (Rajasthan), <strong>Lord Kartikeya Temple<\/strong> (Pushkar), and <strong>Patbausi Satra<\/strong> (Assam).<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Enforcement of dress codes and administrative double standards<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Dress code disputes at Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple:<\/strong> Hindu activists reportedly blocked women from entering the Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple in Kerala because they were wearing <em>churidar<\/em>. The activists enforced a traditional requirement for women to wear sarees or wrap-around dhotis over their attire. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/states\/kerala\/2016\/nov\/30\/women-in-churidar-blocked-at-sree-padmanabha-swamy-temple-1544190.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NewIndianExpress<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>The irony of attire enforcement:<\/strong> Critical observations highlight the inherent hypocrisy in temple dress codes: while women have been denied entry for modern attire like leggings, the enforcing priests frequently remain topless and wear dhotis that partially reveal their own lower limbs.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wife_Desertion\"><\/span><a id=\"Wife-Desertion\"><\/a><strong>Wife Desertion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"MtDagCV\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"899\" height=\"500\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10035 \" src=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efd76970b.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efd76970b.png 899w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efd76970b-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997efd76970b-768x427.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The plight of abandoned wives in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">While political discourse often fixates on the immediate crisis of <em>Triple Talaq<\/em>, the systemic issue of spousal abandonment remains a far more pervasive yet neglected social catastrophe. The following excerpt highlights the disparate treatment of these two phenomena and the political figures involved:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Unlike in the case of Triple Talaq within the Muslim community, where the wife might struggle for few months but eventually moves on with life by re-marrying, abandoned wives go through life-long suffering. Majority of the abandoned wives in India are from Hindu community with the numbers reaching as many as 2 million as per 2011 Census.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Hindu community in India is notorious for abandoning the wives, as it\u2019s extremely difficult for a Hindu man to obtain divorce in Indian Courts. Instead it is always easier to simply abandon the wife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Modi had the option of going through a formal divorce within Indian Legal system but he choose to abandon his wife. Even today, his wife Jashodaben Modi continues to live alone and deserted. In an interview to NDTV, Mrs. Modi said \u201cif he calls once, I will go with him\u201d. Such is the desperation of abandoned wives, who even after being deserted for 43 years, hope that one day their husband will take them back and they will have a dignified life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In recent times, Narendra Modi has projected himself to be the Messiah of Indian Muslim women who have gone through Triple Talaq, a Sunni Hanafi practice where husband can divorce his wife by uttering \u201cTalaq\u201d three times instantly. All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) has called for the social boycott of the men who divorce their wives via Triple Talaq. BJP on the other hand has repeatedly called for banning triple talaq.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/meccapost.com\/2017\/04\/18\/narendra-modi-silent-2-3-million-abandoned-wives-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MeccaPost<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Empirical Data: Marital Status by Religious Community (2011 Census)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">An analysis of the C3 table (&#8216;Marital Status by Religious Community and Sex&#8217;) from the 2011 Census reveals several striking findings that challenge common political narratives:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Category<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Hindus<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Muslims<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Christians<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Other Minorities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Staying in Marriage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">86.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>87.8%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">83.7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">85.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Widowed Women<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">12.9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>11.1%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">14.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">13.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Separated\/Abandoned<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">0.69%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>0.67%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1.19%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">0.68%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Divorced Women<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>0.22%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">0.49%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">0.47%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">0.33%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Key Observations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Marriage Stability:<\/strong> The percentage of women remaining within a marriage is highest among Muslims.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Protection for Widows:<\/strong> The lower percentage of widows among Muslims suggests a more robust culture of remarriage, providing better family protection compared to other groups.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>The Divorce Paradox:<\/strong> While the divorce rate is higher among Muslims (0.49%) and Christians (0.47%) than Hindus (0.22%), this reflects the fact that divorce is often culturally non-existent or legally inaccessible for many Hindus. Of the 9.1 lakh divorced women in India, 2.1 lakh are Muslim, while the remainder largely comprises other communities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>The Scale of Abandonment:<\/strong> In absolute terms, there are <strong>2 million<\/strong> Hindu women who are abandoned or separated, compared to 2.8 lakh Muslims, 0.9 lakh Christians, and 0.8 lakh from other religions.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">The disparity between the political fervor regarding <em>Triple Talaq<\/em> and the relative silence surrounding the 43 million widows and 2.3 million abandoned women\u2014most of whom are Hindu\u2014raises significant questions about the government\u2019s priorities in women\u2019s empowerment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/86335\/abandoned-women-triple-talaq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheWire<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/current-affairs\/time-for-pm-to-speak-up-as-abandoned-wives-outnumber-triple-talaq-victims-117041800220_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BusinessStandard<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Additional Reading<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Abandoned wives struggle to get maintenance<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/madurai\/Abandoned-wives-struggle-to-get-maintenance\/articleshow\/19284479.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Indian \u2018holiday brides\u2019 abandoned by British husbands on the rise<\/strong> (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/world\/indian-holiday-brides-abandoned-british-husbands-rise-article-1.196889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NYDailyNews<\/a>)<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Widows\"><\/span><a id=\"Widows\"><\/a><strong>Widows<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The &#8220;City of Widows&#8221;: Abandonment and Institutional Neglect<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Supreme Court of India has frequently rebuked the government for its failure to provide even the most basic dignity to the thousands of widows concentrated in Mathura and Vrindavan. The following excerpts detail the scale of this abandonment:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThe apex court had also appointed a seven-member panel to collect data on their socio-economic conditions. A majority of the 1,000-odd widows interviewed earlier in Vrindavan by the NCW have children who do not care for them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cIt had said an estimated 5,000-10,000 widows were living like beggars in ashrams dotting the two holy cities of Mathura and Vrindavan.\u201d \u2014 Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/you-do-not-care-about-the-widows-of-india-supreme-court-tells-government\/story-IkB1MDQ7wspcPxyaA6iw5J.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindustan Times<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cThere are as many as 6,000 of them in this place alone and more in the surrounding countryside.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cSome come as genuine pilgrims to devote their remaining years to the service of Radha\/Krishna, but many others come here to escape from brutal family homes or have been flung out by their sons and daughters-in-law as unwanted baggage. This is one unusual aspect of Indian society that the government might prefer the outside world not to see, despite all their genuine efforts to solve the problem.\u201d \u2014 Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-21859622\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BBC News<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Socio-Religious Exclusion and the &#8220;Sin&#8221; of Survival<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The plight of India\u2019s estimated 40 million widows is exacerbated by deep-seated cultural taboos that equate widowhood with inauspiciousness. This critical commentary highlights the psychological and social warfare waged against these women:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;India has around 40 million widows, many of whom go to or are forced to go to homes or streets in holy cities to live out their lives in penance and prayer for the sin of outliving their husbands. Those who do not have to do this fare better but still live with many forms of social exclusion and needless judgment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">I have not heard of any other civilised country where widows are banished to certain areas to live lives of extreme deprivation and grief, with no possibility of a normal life again&#8230; Even in the more `elevated\u2019 echelons of society, a widow is viewed with some disdain or pity, rarely as a human being who has suffered a great loss and deserving of getting on with her life in whatever way she sees fit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The RSS, that repository of Indian culture, has actually had chiefs who have refused to allow widows the great honour of touching their feet as this was thought to be inauspicious. I would love to see the RSS take the lead in a campaign to give widows their lives back.&#8221; \u2014 Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/columns\/why-do-widows-still-live-in-deprivation-on-the-fringes-of-our-conciousness\/story-bwjJd0aCBzgmH5qk2VormL.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindustan Times Opinion<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Resources and Case Studies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">For a more granular understanding of the individual lives behind these statistics, the following resources provide first-hand accounts and situational analyses:<\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Testimonials of Widows:<\/strong> Personal narratives detailing the transition from family life to forced penance.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.maitriindia.org\/looking-inwards\/case-studies-testimonial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maitri India<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Women&#8217;s Situation in India:<\/strong> A comprehensive overview of the legal and social standing of women, with a focus on vulnerable groups.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.saarthakindia.org\/womens_situation_india.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saarthak India<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prostitution\"><\/span><a id=\"unique-identifier\"><\/a><strong>Prostitution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Perna Community (Delhi\/NCR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In the name of tradition, women in Perna community forced into prostitution by husbands, in-laws<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Just Outside Delhi, Girls In This Community Are Prostituted By Their In-Laws But They Don\u2019t Complain<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">How Married Women And Mothers Are Pushed Into Sex Work In This Delhi Colony<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Indian caste where wives are forced into sex work<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Unlike most other forms of sex work, Perna women are pushed into the trade by their husbands and in-laws after marriage. In many cases, the deal is struck even before the wedding. The community justifies this in the name of &#8220;tradition,&#8221; effectively turning the household into a site of trafficking. Sita belongs to the Perna caste, and among the women and girls of this acutely marginalised community, entering the sex trade is a usual next step after marriage and childbirth. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/zeenews.india.com\/news\/india\/in-the-name-of-tradition-women-in-perna-community-forced-into-prostitution-by-husbands-in-laws_1864922.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZeeNews<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.scoopwhoop.com\/Perna-Community-Forcing-Women-To-Prostitution\/%23.81b97dm9x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ScoopWhoop<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2017\/02\/perna-women-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouthKiAwaaz<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/features\/2016\/11\/indian-caste-prostitution-hereditary-161122124031163.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AlJazeera<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Banchhada Community (Madhya Pradesh)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Banchhada, a community that celebrates birth of girls, but for flesh-trade<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In Banchhada community of Madhya Pradesh, daughters, sisters are turned into prostitutes for money<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Banchhada community is notorious for a skewed sex ratio where female children are seen as the primary economic providers. \u201cThe total population of Banchhada community, which is spread over 75 villages in the three districts, is about 23,000, of which at least 65 per cent are women.\u201d As given social sanction to prostitution, the people of Banchhada Community often find it auspicious when a girl is born thinking that she will basically be the provider of the family. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/banchhada-a-community-that-celebrates-birth-of-girls-but-for-flesh-trade\/articleshow\/63353897.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatimes.com\/news\/india\/in-banchhada-community-of-madhya-pradesh-daughters-sisters-are-turned-into-prostitutes-for-money-341736.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Nat Community (Uttar Pradesh)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nat Purwa: Where prostitution is a tradition<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women from the Nat community often become sex workers from a young age. This village near Lucknow has practiced hereditary prostitution for generations. Historically performers for feudal lords, the community turned to prostitution following the abolition of the zamindari system and the criminalization of their nomadic lifestyle. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/features\/2013\/01\/20131161032441697.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AlJazeera<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Bedia Community (Rajasthan\/MP)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A Rajasthan village where prostitution is tradition<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sex as trade and tradition: For Bedia families, sex is a family business<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Childhood for sale<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Traditionally, Bedias and Nats were dancers. When the zamindari system was abolished, they lost their patrons. Over time, a number of Bedia women were compelled to take up prostitution for economic reasons and the men lived off their earnings. In Khakranagla, there are signs of a consumerist lifestyle\u2014multi-storied houses and mobile phones\u2014all funded by the trade. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/A-Rajasthan-village-where-prostitution-is-tradition\/articleshow\/1717444.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/magazine\/society-the-arts\/story\/20131028-sex-trade-and-tradition-family-business-bedia-families-768084-1999-11-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/blink\/know\/childhood-for-sale\/article9790915.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HinduBusinessLine<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>5. The Saraniya Community (Gujarat)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Prostitution is the norm among saraniyas of Wadia village due to poverty and gir<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">65 Wadia families to keep girls out of flesh trade<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Inside the tiny village in Gujarat riven by the sex trade<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women of this village pimped by their kin<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The nomadic Saraniyas of the Wadia village are so harassed by poverty that they have found no other option but to sell their bodies in prostitution for sustenance. Indeed, as girls grow up, their own family members find it hardly amiss to initiate them into flesh trade and it has well and truly become a tradition among them. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/daily.bhaskar.com\/news\/GUJ-OTC-prostitution-is-the-norm-among-saraniyas-of-wadia-village-due-to-poverty-and-gir-4289616-PHO.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DailyBhaskar<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/rajkot\/65-Wadia-families-to-keep-girls-out-of-flesh-trade\/articleshow\/25777911.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/politics\/feminism\/2015\/11\/inside-tiny-village-gujarat-riven-sex-trade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NewStatesman<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ahmedabad\/Women-of-this-village-pimped-by-their-kin\/articleshow\/11944403.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>6. The Kanjar Community<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kanjar women all set to resume dancing in Mumbai bars again<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In Rajasthan, age-old tradition sees young girls pushed into prostitution<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meet the girls who are born to be prostitutes<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Young girls of the Kanjar community, a nomadic tribe in Rajasthan, are pushed into prostitution by none other than their parents before they attain adulthood. For many, Mumbai\u2019s dance bars became an &#8220;escape route&#8221; from the more brutal village-level prostitution. Authorities are now taking up cudgels against this exploitative tradition, which includes customs where girls are sold or &#8220;borrowed&#8221; for fixed periods. (Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/news\/kanjar-women-all-set-to-resume-dancing-in-mumbai-bars-again\/article20639257.ece1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HinduBusinessLine<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/pti-feed\/story\/in-rajasthan-age-old-tradition-sees-young-girls-pushed-into-660517-2016-12-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaToday<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/world\/2013\/10\/13\/meet_the_girls_who_are_born_to_be_prostitutes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TheStar<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>7. The Sansi Community<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sansi tribe socially sanctioned prostitution<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Sansi community has also socially sanctioned the age-old practice of prostitution. Bearing a &#8220;criminal tag&#8221; that has receded into silence, this tribe often finds itself isolated by social stigma, which reinforces the cycle of exploitation as one of the few available means of survival within their traditional social framework. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/mps-sansi-tribe-bearing-criminal-tag-for-robbing-marriages-has-receded-into-silence-4519889\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndianExpress<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Summary Table of Hereditary Prostitution<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Community<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Region<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Subheading Headline<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Core Mechanism<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Perna<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Delhi\/NCR<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Forced into prostitution by husbands&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Marital exploitation\/In-laws as pimps.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Banchhada<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Madhya Pradesh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Celebrates birth of girls for flesh-trade&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Skewed gender ratio; girls as breadwinners.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Nat<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Uttar Pradesh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Where prostitution is a tradition&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Village-wide hereditary occupation.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Bedia<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rajasthan\/MP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Sex is a family business&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Unmarried sisters support the natal family.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Saraniya<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gujarat<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Prostitution is the norm&#8230; birth of girls celebrated&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Village economy (Wadia) dependent on trade.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Kanjar<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rajasthan\/MP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Resume dancing in Mumbai bars&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Transition from rural trade to urban performance.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bride_Selling\"><\/span><a id=\"Bride-Selling\"><\/a><strong>Bride Selling<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Bonded brides<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Import of women to Haryana as brides from far-off regions outside the State is by now a known trend, but a recent study on the social status and rights of these women, usually referred as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>paro<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> or <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>molki<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> (meaning purchased). The study conducted in Haryana\u2019s Jind and Kurukshetra districts reveals that 66 per cent of the families practising bride trafficking are <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Jats<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">, followed by 15 per cent <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sainis<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">, though the custom is prevalent among almost all other castes. (Source: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/other-states\/bonded-brides\/article4307384.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Sadly most \u2018purchased brides\u2019 are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000. (Source: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/brides-purchased-then-exploited-in-haryana-punjab\/article2400857.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Human trafficking caters to demand for brides<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to the 2013 National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, 24,749 children and women between the ages of 15 and 30 were kidnapped and sold into marriage across the country. A field study on the impact of the sex ratio on marriage found that over 9,000 married women were bought from other states in Haryana alone. (Source: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/Politics\/7cSn08nD9gvIEAbZcQrP7I\/Human-trafficking-caters-to-demand-for-brides.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">LiveMint<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Youth buys bride for Rs 22,000 at auction, hangs himself later<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The man who bought the bride paid Rs 17,000 in advance. However, it was only later that the men who had arranged the deal realized that the groom did not have enough funds to pay in full. According to a 2016 survey by National Crime Records Bureau, the number of girls who were abducted for the purpose of marriage in India was a staggering 33,855. (Source: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.in\/youth-buys-bride-rs-22000-auction-hangs-himself-later-764805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">IB Times<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Haryana\u2019s crisis: Bridegrooms all decked up, but no one to marry<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vices of the past are catching up with the Haryanvi society. Years of rampant sex selective abortions and rigid marriage laws in the Jat community have led to a `drought\u2019 of brides. The state with the dubious distinction of the worst sex ratio in the country is now facing a crisis finding matches for its `gabru jawans\u2019 (boys of marriageable age), who have no choice but to look for brides outside the state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">But `importing a bride\u2019 is not an easy task. It has resulted in human trafficking becoming a common practice in Haryana. Studies on the issue reveal that thousands of women from rural areas of other states including Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh etc. have been either brought or `bought\u2019 for marriage purposes. These women are called `molkis\u2019 in Haryana, because the buyers pay money to the girls\u2019 parents.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">It was in this context that OP Dhankar, senior BJP leader and president of the Bhartiya Kisan Morcha suggested recently that the party could get girls from Bihar for the eligible bachelors of the state if the BJP came to power in the state. What he really meant was that instead of trafficking marriageable girls from other states, marriages could be solemnised in a legal manner with a little help from his party.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to Dr Anita Yadav, Director, Women Studies Centre (WSC), Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, there are at least 6-7 brides from outside the state in almost all of the 6,000 villages of Haryana. Many of such brides are sexually and mentally harassed, many live in inhospitable conditions. In some cases the bride becomes common `property\u2019 of male members in the family. This is exploitation of the worst kind. Sources say the `fee\u2019 charged by the dalals for procuring women as brides from other states ranges between Rs 25,000 and Rs 30,000. Since these women are poor and illiterate in most cases, they allow themselves to be subjugated and exploited.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Families of boys who procure wives from other states never accept that they have actually paid money, but it is a fact that they are ready to pay anything between Rs 30,000 to Rs 60,000 for them. An independent study conducted in Haryana showed that there is hardly any village out of 6000 villages if the state where there are no such cases found. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Jats<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> of the state face the most shortage of brides, according to the study.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Source: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/haryanas-crisis-bridegrooms-decked-one-marry-1626691.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Firstpost<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additional reading: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>In Haryana, get a bride for 1,000 rupees from Bihar <\/strong><br \/>\n(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/chandigarh\/In-Haryana-get-a-bride-for-Rs-1000-from-Bihar\/articleshow\/7003264.cms\">TimesofIndia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>The marriage bazaar: How female foeticide has made bride trade a roaring business<\/strong><br \/>\n(Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india\/the-marriage-bazaar-how-female-foeticide-has-made-bride-trade-a-roaring-business\/story-U7egbgiWQnStSBjM4MZnmI.html\">HindustanTimes<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hindu_Husbands_Killing_Wives_over_Petty_Issues\"><\/span><a id=\"Husband-Killing\"><\/a><strong>Hindu Husbands Killing Wives over Petty Issues<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">There are numerous reported instances of Hindu men killing their wives over trivial domestic matters, such as not making round rotis or failing to cook food properly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Culinary Violence: Not Making Round Rotis or Tasty Food<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Simran killed by her husband for not being able to make perfectly round rotis <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/murder-delhi-man-kills-pregnant-wife-for-not-making-round-rotis-crime\/1\/1009354.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India Today<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ashok Kumar shoots wife over delay in dinner <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ghaziabad\/60-year-old-man-shoots-wife-over-delay-in-serving-dinner\/articleshow\/59520583.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Times of India<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ranjeet beats his wife to death for not making Aloo Bhujiya <a href=\"https:\/\/navbharattimes.indiatimes.com\/state\/uttar-pradesh\/allahabad\/murdered-wife-over-aloo-bhujiya\/articleshow\/60085340.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Navbharat Times<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Niranjan kills his wife for not making Matar Paneer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jagran.com\/news\/national-husband-killed-wife-on-minor-issue-in-ajmer-16441976.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jagran<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Govind Singh kills his wife for not making tasty food <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bhaskar.com\/news\/c-8-1102065-NOR.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhaskar<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Vivek Sharma severely injures his wife for not making rice in dinner <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jagran.com\/news\/state-16395579.html?src=RN_detail-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jagran<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Subodh Kumar kills wife for making spicy food <a href=\"https:\/\/ibn7.in\/state\/new-delhi\/item\/123149-2017-02-16-07-36-29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBN7<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Woman axed by husband Ramkumar for refusing to cook food <a href=\"https:\/\/m.bhaskar.com\/news\/MP-GWA-HMU-the-food-was-not-gave-then-murder-of-wife-husband-went-on-the-run-5173016-NOR.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhaskar<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Shergadh Jayanti Lal kills his wife for refusing to cook food <a href=\"https:\/\/m.patrika.com\/story\/banswara\/banswara-wife-did-not-cook-food-husband-killed-her-2512138.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patrika<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khemram Gujjar kills his wife for not cooking food <a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.news18.com\/news\/rajasthan\/rajsamand\/on-no-food-making-husband-killed-wife-682607.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News18<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Disputes Over Technology and Communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ravindra Kumar kills wife for using smartphone <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-in\/news\/other\/noida-man-kills-wife-for-using-smartphone-then-commits-suicide\/vp-BBHUUrw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MSN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ravi Chaurasia throws his wife in Ganga river leading to her death for chatting with another <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/lucknow\/man-throws-wife-in-ganga-for-chatting-with-another-over-phone-social-media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Wife axed to death by Balamurugan after dispute over phone <a href=\"https:\/\/khabar.ndtv.com\/news\/india\/husband-killed-wife-in-coimbatore-1783552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDTV<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sunil murders his wife after asks for mobile phone <a href=\"https:\/\/mnaidunia.jagran.com\/lite\/madhya-pradesh\/bhind-husband-murdered-wife-after-dispute-on-mobile-1326986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naidunia<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Rejection of Intimacy and Service Demands<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Woman killed by her husband Sunil Shukla for denying intimacy <a href=\"http:\/\/www.india.com\/hindi-news\/others\/surat-husband-killed-his-wife\/amp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India.com<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Woman brutally killer by husband Sanjeev Sharma for denying intimacy <a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.news18.com\/news\/crime\/husband-brutally-murdered-his-wife-due-to-rejection-of-sex-in-bareilly-up-835631.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News18<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sudhir Kumar Tiwari kills his wife after she doesn\u2019t bring him a glass of water <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jagran.com\/uttarakhand\/dehradun-city-husband-killed-wife-for-not-giving-glass-of-water-13896118.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jagran<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pavan Jha beats his wife to death after she tells him to bring vegetables from the market <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jagran.com\/bihar\/begusarai-kill-to-wife-16719264.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jagran<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Issues of Autonomy and Personal Choice<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sanjay Sharma murders his wife for wearing Shalwar <a href=\"http:\/\/www.india.com\/hindi-news\/bihar\/husband-murder-her-wife-in-bihar\/amp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India.com<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Narendra Prajapati lynches his pregnant wife after she insisted on going to her parent\u2019s house <a href=\"https:\/\/mnaidunia.jagran.com\/madhya-pradesh\/datia-police-husband-wife-woman-die-datiamp-179391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naidunia<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Rajendra Sawant kills wife for returning home late <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.deccanchronicle.com\/nation\/crime\/271217\/mumbai-man-held-for-killing-wife-for-returning-home-late.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deccan Chronicle<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Gopal Bagri axes his wife to death for not obeying him <a href=\"https:\/\/m.patrika.com\/story\/india\/wife-s-murder-had-nothing-to-believe-307274.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patrika<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Shambhu Mandal strangulates his wife to death for opposing his drinking habit <a href=\"https:\/\/m.jagran.com\/lite\/jharkhand\/dumka-16065062.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jagran<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Extreme Violence and Domestic Entitlement<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Chandrahas chops wife into 15 pieces for demanding car <a href=\"http:\/\/www.daijiworld.com\/news\/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=503469\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daijiworld<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Deepa Ram burns his two wives in car <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/jaipur\/rajasthan-man-held-for-burning-to-death-two-wives-in-car-showing-it-as-mishap\/story-Gq2Yp1T9oGscuBvYInJzSM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindustan Times<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>K Kushi Kumar sets wife on fire for failing MBBS <a href=\"http:\/\/m.hindustantimes.com\/telangana\/telangana-man-kills-wife-for-failing-to-secure-mbbs-seat-arrested\/story-DiDlKb9iRjvaDzNveZjjjN_amp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindustan Times<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ballu Lohar murders his wife on a trivial issue <a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.news18.com\/madhya-pradesh\/ratlam-news-husband-kills-wife-after-dispute-over-brother-in-law-950350.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News18<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Others\"><\/span><a id=\"Others\"><\/a><strong>Others<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Accusation_of_being_Witches\"><\/span><strong>Accusation of being Witches<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women are been called \u2018Witches\u2019 and killed to settle scores.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Witch-Hunting in India: The Violent Intersection of Superstition and Exploitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The practice of branding women as witches (<em>daayans<\/em>) remains a brutal mechanism for social control and the settling of personal vendettas in rural India. Often triggered by poor harvests, medical crises, or land disputes, these &#8220;hunts&#8221; frequently result in extreme physical violence, social ostracization, and homicide, primarily targeting vulnerable women from marginalized castes and tribes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Brutality and Mob Violence in Rural Regions<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Five women are beaten to death in rural India by villagers who accused them of being WITCHES after illness and a poor harvest blighted the area <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-3190287\/5-women-accused-witches-beaten-death-India.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daily Mail<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Woman beheaded in Assam for being a \u2018witch\u2019: When will India\u2019s witch hunt stop? <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewsminute.com\/article\/woman-beheaded-assam-being-witch-when-will-indias-witch-hunt-stop-21845\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The News Minute<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Branded a witch: As India suffers spate of attacks one victim of superstition speaks out <a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/branded-a-witch-as-india-suffers-spate-of-attacks-one-victim-of-superstition-speaks-out-a6699161.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Independent<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Exploitation by Sorcerers and Systemic Abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Branded witches, and dragged to hell: Dalit women in Rajasthan are being hunted by \u2018bhopa\u2019 sorcerers, who exploit superstitions on health <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/branded-witches-and-dragged-to-hell\/article19778469.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Magazine: Meet the Indian women hunted as witches <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/features\/2015\/06\/magazine-meet-indian-women-hunted-witches-150603092941061.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al Jazeera<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Statistical Trends and Under-reported Crime<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>India Is Calling Women \u2018Witches\u2019 To Settle Scores And Get Away With Murder <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2015\/09\/women-witches-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Ki Awaaz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Over 2000 women killed in India for practicing \u2018black magic\u2019 in 14 years <a href=\"http:\/\/indiatoday.intoday.in\/story\/over-2000-women-killed-in-india-for-practicing-black-magic-in-14-years\/1\/696147.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India Today<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atrocities_against_Dalit_Women\"><\/span><strong>Atrocities against Dalit Women<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\n<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Atrocities against dalit women on the rise in Thanjavur <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/trichy\/Atrocities-against-dalit-women-on-the-rise-in-Thanjavur\/articleshow\/53516104.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Times of India<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Rape of Dalit women registers 500% increase since 2001, RTI reveals <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/ahmedabad\/rape-of-dalit-women-registers-500-increase-since-2001-rti-reveals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manglik\"><\/span><strong>Manglik<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Symbolic Marriages to Ward Off \u2018Evil\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Girl, 18, marries a stray dog from her village in India to lift \u2018curse\u2019 <a href=\"http:\/\/metro.co.uk\/2014\/09\/03\/girl-18-marries-a-stray-dog-from-her-village-in-india-to-lift-curse-4855359\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Metro<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The husband&#8217;s a real hound: Girl, 18, marries stray dog in bizarre Indian tribal ritual designed to ward off evil spirit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2741901\/The-husband-s-real-hound-Girl-18-marries-stray-dog-bizarre-Indian-tribal-ritual-designed-ward-evil-spirit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daily Mail<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Sexual Exploitation Under the Guise of &#8220;Dosha&#8221; Removal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bengaluru astrologer asks woman to \u2018Sleep with a brahmin to rid yourself of doshas\u2019 <a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/bengaluru\/sleep-witha-brahmin-to-rid-yourself-of-doshas\/articleshow\/56414082.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Times of India<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u2018Tantric Told His Wife To Sleep With His Brother\u2019: Our Dangerous Ignorance About Sex <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youthkiawaaz.com\/2016\/12\/are-indians-ignorant-about-their-bodies-and-intimacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Ki Awaaz<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Humiliating_%E2%80%98Virginity_Tests_for_Brides_a_reality_in_Indias_Kanjarbhat_community\"><\/span><strong>The Humiliating \u2018Virginity Tests\u2019 for Brides, a reality in India\u2019s Kanjarbhat community<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cIf the girl bleeds, she passes the test. They declare, \u201cMaal Khara hai\u201d. If she does not, it is assumed she has had premarital sex, and they say \u201cMaal khota hai\u201d, meaning she is \u201cspoiled goods\u201d, and the marriage can be annulled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cVirginity test is a character certificate of the woman. Even the bride keeps the cloth with her bloodstains as a memento of pride,\u201d says a member of the Kanjarbhat community.\u201d<br \/>\n(Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/gender\/the-humiliating-virginity-tests-for-brides-a-reality-in-indias-kanjarbhat-community-5051712\/\">IndianExpress<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Women_In_This_Village_Are_Forced_To_Drink_Water_From_Shoes_To_Get_Rid_Of_Evil_Spirits\"><\/span><strong>Women In This Village Are Forced To Drink Water From Shoes To Get Rid Of Evil Spirits<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Women In <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rajathan\u2019s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Bhilwara <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vilage<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Are Forced To Drink Water From Shoes To Get Rid Of Evil Spirits<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news18.com\/news\/immersives\/where-women-are-made-to-drink-water-out-of-shoes-1282773.html\">News18<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scoopwhoop.com\/Village-Women-Drink-Water-From-Shoes\/#.ufk8ivcvy\">Scoopwhopp<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limited_Marital_Autonomy_and_Restricted_Mobility_of_Women_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Limited Marital Autonomy and Restricted Mobility of Women in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Only 5% of women in India choose their husbands, 80% need permission to visit a health centre. (Sources: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/current-affairs\/survey-only-5-indian-women-have-sole-control-over-choosing-their-husbands-117021300102_1.html\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">BusinessStandard<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> | <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.in\/2017\/02\/13\/only-5-of-women-in-india-choose-their-husbands-80-need-permis\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">HuffingtonPost<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Divorce_Over_Skype\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Divorce Over Skype<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Divorce through \u2018Skype\u2019 under Hindu Marriage Act but no news in media <a href=\"http:\/\/www.siasat.com\/news\/divorce-skype-hindu-marriage-act-no-news-media-1179053\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siasat<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pune Courts Grants Divorce To Couple Living Separated In Singapore And London, Over Skype <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=http:\/\/www.indiatimes.com\/news\/india\/pune-courts-grants-divorce-to-couple-living-separated-in-singapore-and-london-over-skype-276813.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IndiaTimes<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Telangana local court judge grants divorce after hearing on Skype <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/telangana\/telangana-local-court-judge-grants-divorce-after-hearing-on-skype\/article7906128.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Naked_Girls_in_Madurai_Temple\"><\/span><strong>Naked Girls in Madurai Temple<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The Madurai Temple Ritual and State Intervention<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bare-Chested Girls In Madurai Temple Ritual, &#8216;Worshipped&#8217; Like Goddesses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/tamil-nadu-news\/bare-chested-girls-in-madurai-temple-ritual-worshipped-like-goddesses-1755162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDTV<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Collector intervenes to order girls be fully clothed during 15-day temple stay <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=668ux4pwzD0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDTV (Video)<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ritualistic_%E2%80%9CPurification%E2%80%9D_of_Sexual_Assault_Survivors\"><\/span><strong>Ritualistic &#8220;Purification&#8221; of Sexual Assault Survivors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u2018We Were Told to Throw Feast to Purify Her\u2019: Rape Victim\u2019s Father <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/india\/asked-to-throw-a-feast-by-panchayat-to-purify-daughter-says-rape-victims-father\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Quint<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #2e74b5; font-size: 13pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forced_Confinement_and_Religious_%E2%80%9CCounseling%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>Forced Confinement and Religious &#8220;Counseling&#8221;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -18pt; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"position: absolute; top: -0.34em; left: 0; font-size: 2em;\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Tortured for 22 days: Hindu woman married to Christian exposes Kerala &#8216;anti-conversion clinic&#8217; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewsminute.com\/article\/tortured-22-days-hindu-woman-married-christian-accuses-kerala-yoga-centre-harassment-69019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The News Minute<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline-block; height: 1em;\"><span style=\"display: none;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. Image Source: TheHindu.Com . By Sulaiman Razvi . Women have long been suppressed within the patriarchal structure of Indian society. Hinduism has played a central role in shaping and legitimizing many practices that disadvantaged women, and several oppressive customs emerged within this religious framework. According to a survey by Thomson Reuters, India was ranked &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[578],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-women"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\". Image Source: TheHindu.Com . By Sulaiman Razvi . Women have long been suppressed within the patriarchal structure of Indian society. Hinduism has played a central role in shaping and legitimizing many practices that disadvantaged women, and several oppressive customs emerged within this religious framework. According to a survey by Thomson Reuters, India was ranked &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"VedKaBhed.Com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"602\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1227\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ved Ka Bhed\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ved Ka Bhed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"51 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ved Ka Bhed\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25\"},\"headline\":\"Condition of Hindu Women in India\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":10978,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Women\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/\",\"name\":\"Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png\",\"width\":602,\"height\":1227},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/index.php\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/05\\\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Condition of Hindu Women in India\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"VedKaBhed.Com\",\"description\":\"Truth About Hinduism\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25\",\"name\":\"Ved Ka Bhed\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ved Ka Bhed\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/vedkabhed.com\"],\"url\":false}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com","og_description":". Image Source: TheHindu.Com . By Sulaiman Razvi . Women have long been suppressed within the patriarchal structure of Indian society. Hinduism has played a central role in shaping and legitimizing many practices that disadvantaged women, and several oppressive customs emerged within this religious framework. According to a survey by Thomson Reuters, India was ranked &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/","og_site_name":"VedKaBhed.Com","article_published_time":"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":602,"height":1227,"url":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Ved Ka Bhed","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ved Ka Bhed","Est. reading time":"51 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/"},"author":{"name":"Ved Ka Bhed","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25"},"headline":"Condition of Hindu Women in India","datePublished":"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/"},"wordCount":10978,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png","articleSection":["Women"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/","url":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/","name":"Condition of Hindu Women in India - VedKaBhed.Com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png","datePublished":"2017-01-05T06:30:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-28T06:41:34+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/img_6997ef65bf61d.png","width":602,"height":1227},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/2017\/01\/05\/condition-of-hindu-women-in-india\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Condition of Hindu Women in India"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/","name":"VedKaBhed.Com","description":"Truth About Hinduism","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a044387a57baeee0f797c9c9fa2d25","name":"Ved Ka Bhed","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0d6fb836ff3dba710007a2066e55120b18a32c6d1ceec816d542d494ed7975ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ved Ka Bhed"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/vedkabhed.com"],"url":false}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3067"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10036,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067\/revisions\/10036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vedkabhed.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}